Multi-level channel coding for wireless communications

ABSTRACT

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a transmitter device may segment a plurality of bits of a communication into a first set of bits and a second set of bits; process the first set of bits using a first processing chain and the second set of bits using a second processing chain, wherein the first set of bits is mapped to most significant bits (MSBs) of one or more symbols of a composite constellation and the second set of bits is mapped to least significant bits (LSBs) of the one or more symbols of the composite constellation, and wherein the composite constellation is formed from a plurality of lower order constellations; modulate the first set of bits and the second set of bits to generate a set of modulated symbols; and transmit the set of modulated symbols. Numerous other aspects are provided.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This Patent Application claims priority to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 63/005,664, filed on Apr. 6, 2020, entitled “MULTI-LEVELCHANNEL CODING FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS,” and assigned to theassignee hereof. The disclosure of the prior Application is consideredpart of and is incorporated by reference into this Patent Application.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wirelesscommunication and to techniques and apparatuses for multi-level channelcoding for wireless communications.

BACKGROUND

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide varioustelecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging,and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employmultiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication withmultiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth,transmit power, or the like). Examples of such multiple-accesstechnologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, timedivision multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency-division multipleaccess (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access(OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency-division multiple access(SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multipleaccess (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE).LTE/LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal MobileTelecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by theThird Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

A wireless network may include a number of base stations (BSs) that cansupport communication for a number of user equipment (UEs). A UE maycommunicate with a BS via the downlink and uplink. “Downlink” (or“forward link”) refers to the communication link from the BS to the UE,and “uplink” (or “reverse link”) refers to the communication link fromthe UE to the BS. As will be described in more detail herein, a BS maybe referred to as a Node B, a gNB, an access point (AP), a radio head, atransmit receive point (TRP), a New Radio (NR) BS, a 5G Node B, or thelike.

The above multiple access technologies have been adopted in varioustelecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enablesdifferent user equipment to communicate on a municipal, national,regional, and even global level. NR, which may also be referred to as5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated bythe 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internetaccess by improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improvingservices, making use of new spectrum, and better integrating with otheropen standards using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink (DL), using CP-OFDMand/or SC-FDM (e.g., also known as discrete Fourier transform spreadOFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink (UL), as well as supportingbeamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology,and carrier aggregation. As the demand for mobile broadband accesscontinues to increase, further improvements in LTE, NR, and other radioaccess technologies remain useful.

SUMMARY

In some aspects, a method of wireless communication, performed by atransmitter device, may include segmenting a plurality of bits of acommunication into a first set of bits and a second set of bits;processing the first set of bits using a first processing chain and thesecond set of bits using a second processing chain, wherein the firstset of bits is mapped to most significant bits (MSBs) of one or moresymbols of a composite constellation and the second set of bits ismapped to least significant bits (LSBs) of the one or more symbols ofthe composite constellation, and wherein the composite constellation isformed from a plurality of lower order constellations; modulating thefirst set of bits and the second set of bits to generate a set ofmodulated symbols; and transmitting the set of modulated symbols.

In some aspects, a method of wireless communication, performed by areceiver device, may include receiving a set of modulated symbols of acommunication; decoding LSB log likelihood ratios (LLRs) of the set ofmodulated symbols to obtain a first set of bits of the communication;performing a cyclic redundancy check on the first set of bits of thecommunication based at least in part on decoding the LSB LLRs of the setof modulated symbols to obtain the first set of bits; decoding MSB LLRsof the set of modulated symbols to obtain a second set of bits of thecommunication based at least in part on a result of performing thecyclic redundancy check on the first set of bits; and interpreting thecommunication based at least in part on decoding the MSB LLRs of the setof modulated symbols to obtain the second set of bits of thecommunication.

In some aspects, a transmitter device for wireless communication mayinclude a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. Thememory and the one or more processors may be configured to segment aplurality of bits of a communication into a first set of bits and asecond set of bits; process the first set of bits using a firstprocessing chain and the second set of bits using a second processingchain, wherein the first set of bits is mapped to MSBs of one or moresymbols of a composite constellation and the second set of bits ismapped to LSBs of the one or more symbols of the compositeconstellation, and wherein the composite constellation is formed from aplurality of lower order constellations; modulate the first set of bitsand the second set of bits to generate a set of modulated symbols; andtransmit the set of modulated symbols.

In some aspects, a receiver device for wireless communication mayinclude a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. Thememory and the one or more processors may be configured to receive a setof modulated symbols of a communication; decode LSB LLRs of the set ofmodulated symbols to obtain a first set of bits of the communication;perform a cyclic redundancy check on the first set of bits of thecommunication based at least in part on decoding the LSB LLRs of the setof modulated symbols to obtain the first set of bits; decode MSB LLRs ofthe set of modulated symbols to obtain a second set of bits of thecommunication based at least in part on a result of performing thecyclic redundancy check on the first set of bits; and interpret thecommunication based at least in part on decoding the MSB LLRs of the setof modulated symbols to obtain the second set of bits of thecommunication.

In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium may store oneor more instructions for wireless communication. The one or moreinstructions, when executed by one or more processors of a transmitterdevice, may cause the one or more processors to segment a plurality ofbits of a communication into a first set of bits and a second set ofbits; process the first set of bits using a first processing chain andthe second set of bits using a second processing chain, wherein thefirst set of bits is mapped to MSBs of one or more symbols of acomposite constellation and the second set of bits is mapped to LSBs ofthe one or more symbols of the composite constellation, and wherein thecomposite constellation is formed from a plurality of lower orderconstellations; modulate the first set of bits and the second set ofbits to generate a set of modulated symbols; and transmit the set ofmodulated symbols.

In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium may store oneor more instructions for wireless communication. The one or moreinstructions, when executed by one or more processors of a receiverdevice, may cause the one or more processors to receive a set ofmodulated symbols of a communication; decode LSB LLRs of the set ofmodulated symbols to obtain a first set of bits of the communication;perform a cyclic redundancy check on the first set of bits of thecommunication based at least in part on decoding the LSB LLRs of the setof modulated symbols to obtain the first set of bits; decode MSB LLRs ofthe set of modulated symbols to obtain a second set of bits of thecommunication based at least in part on a result of performing thecyclic redundancy check on the first set of bits; and interpret thecommunication based at least in part on decoding the MSB LLRs of the setof modulated symbols to obtain the second set of bits of thecommunication.

In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication may includemeans for segmenting a plurality of bits of a communication into a firstset of bits and a second set of bits; means for processing the first setof bits using a first processing chain and the second set of bits usinga second processing chain, wherein the first set of bits is mapped toMSBs of one or more symbols of a composite constellation and the secondset of bits is mapped to LSBs of the one or more symbols of thecomposite constellation, and wherein the composite constellation isformed from a plurality of lower order constellations; means formodulating the first set of bits and the second set of bits to generatea set of modulated symbols; and means for transmitting the set ofmodulated symbols.

In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication may includemeans for receiving a set of modulated symbols of a communication; meansfor decoding LSB LLRs of the set of modulated symbols to obtain a firstset of bits of the communication; means for performing a cyclicredundancy check on the first set of bits of the communication based atleast in part on decoding the LSB LLRs of the set of modulated symbolsto obtain the first set of bits; means for decoding MSB LLRs of the setof modulated symbols to obtain a second set of bits of the communicationbased at least in part on a result of performing the cyclic redundancycheck on the first set of bits; and means for interpreting thecommunication based at least in part on decoding the MSB LLRs of the setof modulated symbols to obtain the second set of bits of thecommunication.

Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer programproduct, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, basestation, wireless communication device, and/or processing system assubstantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated bythe drawings and specification.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technicaladvantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that thedetailed description that follows may be better understood. Additionalfeatures and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conceptionand specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis formodifying or designing other structures for carrying out the samepurposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do notdepart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of theconcepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method ofoperation, together with associated advantages will be better understoodfrom the following description when considered in connection with theaccompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposesof illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limitsof the claims.

While aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustration tosome examples, those skilled in the art will understand that suchaspects may be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios.Techniques described herein may be implemented using different platformtypes, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and/or packaging arrangements.For example, some aspects may be implemented via integrated chipembodiments or other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-userdevices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrialequipment, retail/purchasing devices, medical devices, or artificialintelligence-enabled devices). Aspects may be implemented in chip-levelcomponents, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-levelcomponents, device-level components, or system-level components. Devicesincorporating described aspects and features may include additionalcomponents and features for implementation and practice of claimed anddescribed aspects. For example, transmission and reception of wirelesssignals may include a number of components for analog and digitalpurposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, poweramplifiers, modulators, buffers, processor(s), interleavers, adders, orsummers). It is intended that aspects described herein may be practicedin a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributedarrangements, or end-user devices of varying size, shape, andconstitution.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

So that the above-recited features of the present disclosure can beunderstood in detail, a more particular description, briefly summarizedabove, may be had by reference to aspects, some of which are illustratedin the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appendeddrawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure andare therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for thedescription may admit to other equally effective aspects. The samereference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similarelements.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station incommunication with a UE in a wireless network, in accordance with thepresent disclosure.

FIGS. 3A-3C are diagrams illustrating examples associated with atransmitter device and a receiver device that perform multi-levelchannel coding for wireless communications, in accordance with thepresent disclosure.

FIGS. 4-5 are diagrams illustrating example processes associated withperforming multi-level channel coding for wireless communications, inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIGS. 6-7 are block diagrams of example apparatuses for wirelesscommunication, in accordance with the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereinafterwith reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may,however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construedas limited to any specific structure or function presented throughoutthis disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that thisdisclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey thescope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Based on theteachings herein, one skilled in the art should appreciate that thescope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of thedisclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of orcombined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, anapparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using anynumber of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of thedisclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method which ispracticed using other structure, functionality, or structure andfunctionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of thedisclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect ofthe disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elementsof a claim.

Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented withreference to various apparatuses and techniques. These apparatuses andtechniques will be described in the following detailed description andillustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules,components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, or the like(collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may beimplemented using hardware, software, or combinations thereof. Whethersuch elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon theparticular application and design constraints imposed on the overallsystem.

It should be noted that while aspects may be described herein usingterminology commonly associated with a 5G or NR radio access technology(RAT), aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other RATs,such as a 3G RAT, a 4G RAT, and/or a RAT subsequent to 5G (e.g., 6G).

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100,in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless network 100 maybe or may include elements of a 5G (NR) network and/or an LTE network,among other examples. The wireless network 100 may include a number ofbase stations 110 (shown as BS 110 a, BS 110 b, BS 110 c, and BS 110 d)and other network entities. A base station (BS) is an entity thatcommunicates with user equipment (UEs) and may also be referred to as anNR BS, a Node B, a gNB, a 5G node B (NB), an access point, a transmitreceive point (TRP), or the like. Each BS may provide communicationcoverage for a particular geographic area. In 3GPP, the term “cell” canrefer to a coverage area of a BS and/or a BS subsystem serving thiscoverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.

A BS may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, afemto cell, and/or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover arelatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius)and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription. Apico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allowunrestricted access by UEs with service subscription. A femto cell maycover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allowrestricted access by UEs having association with the femto cell (e.g.,UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). ABS for a macro cell may bereferred to as a macro BS. ABS for a pico cell may be referred to as apico BS. A BS for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto BS or ahome BS. In the example shown in FIG. 1, a BS 110 a may be a macro BSfor a macro cell 102 a, a BS 110 b may be a pico BS for a pico cell 102b, and a BS 110 c may be a femto BS for a femto cell 102 c. A BS maysupport one or multiple (e.g., three) cells. The terms “eNB”, “basestation”, “NR BS”, “gNB”, “TRP”, “AP”, “node B”, “5G NB”, and “cell” maybe used interchangeably herein.

In some aspects, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and thegeographic area of the cell may move according to the location of amobile BS. In some aspects, the BSs may be interconnected to one anotherand/or to one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) in thewireless network 100 through various types of backhaul interfaces, suchas a direct physical connection or a virtual network, using any suitabletransport network.

Wireless network 100 may also include relay stations. A relay station isan entity that can receive a transmission of data from an upstreamstation (e.g., a BS or a UE) and send a transmission of the data to adownstream station (e.g., a UE or a BS). A relay station may also be aUE that can relay transmissions for other UEs. In the example shown inFIG. 1, a relay BS 110 d may communicate with macro BS 110 a and a UE120 d in order to facilitate communication between BS 110 a and UE 120d. A relay BS may also be referred to as a relay station, a relay basestation, a relay, or the like.

Wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes BSs ofdifferent types, such as macro BSs, pico BSs, femto BSs, relay BSs, orthe like. These different types of BSs may have different transmit powerlevels, different coverage areas, and different impacts on interferencein wireless network 100. For example, macro BSs may have a high transmitpower level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts) whereas pico BSs, femto BSs, and relayBSs may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts).

A network controller 130 may couple to a set of BSs and may providecoordination and control for these BSs. Network controller 130 maycommunicate with the BSs via a backhaul. The BSs may also communicatewith one another, e.g., directly or indirectly via a wireless orwireline backhaul.

UEs 120 (e.g., 120 a, 120 b, 120 c) may be dispersed throughout wirelessnetwork 100, and each UE may be stationary or mobile. A UE may also bereferred to as an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, asubscriber unit, a station, or the like. A UE may be a cellular phone(e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wirelessmodem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptopcomputer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, atablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook,a medical device or equipment, biometric sensors/devices, wearabledevices (smart watches, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wristbands, smart jewelry (e.g., smart ring, smart bracelet)), anentertainment device (e.g., a music or video device, or a satelliteradio), a vehicular component or sensor, smart meters/sensors,industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device,or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via awireless or wired medium.

Some UEs may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) or evolvedor enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC and eMTC UEsinclude, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters,monitors, and/or location tags, that may communicate with a basestation, another device (e.g., remote device), or some other entity. Awireless node may provide, for example, connectivity for or to a network(e.g., a wide area network such as Internet or a cellular network) via awired or wireless communication link. Some UEs may be consideredInternet-of-Things (IoT) devices, and/or may be implemented as NB-IoT(narrowband internet of things) devices. Some UEs may be considered aCustomer Premises Equipment (CPE). UE 120 may be included inside ahousing that houses components of UE 120, such as processor componentsand/or memory components. In some aspects, the processor components andthe memory components may be coupled together. For example, theprocessor components (e.g., one or more processors) and the memorycomponents (e.g., a memory) may be operatively coupled, communicativelycoupled, electronically coupled, and/or electrically coupled.

In general, any number of wireless networks may be deployed in a givengeographic area. Each wireless network may support a particular RAT andmay operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may also be referred to asa radio technology, an air interface, or the like. A frequency may alsobe referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, or the like. Eachfrequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area in orderto avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. Insome cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

In some aspects, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120 a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g.,without using a base station 110 as an intermediary to communicate withone another). For example, the UEs 120 may communicate usingpeer-to-peer (P2P) communications, device-to-device (D2D)communications, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocol (e.g., which mayinclude a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocol or avehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocol), and/or a mesh network. Inthis case, the UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resourceselection operations, and/or other operations described elsewhere hereinas being performed by the base station 110.

Devices of wireless network 100 may communicate using theelectromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided based on frequency orwavelength into various classes, bands, channels, or the like. Forexample, devices of wireless network 100 may communicate using anoperating band having a first frequency range (FR1), which may span from410 MHz to 7.125 GHz, and/or may communicate using an operating bandhaving a second frequency range (FR2), which may span from 24.25 GHz to52.6 GHz. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are sometimes referred toas mid-band frequencies. Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6GHz, FR1 is often referred to as a “sub-6 GHz” band. Similarly, FR2 isoften referred to as a “millimeter wave” band despite being differentfrom the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz—300 GHz) which isidentified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a“millimeter wave” band. Thus, unless specifically stated otherwise, itshould be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like, if usedherein, may broadly represent frequencies less than 6 GHz, frequencieswithin FR1, and/or mid-band frequencies (e.g., greater than 7.125 GHz).Similarly, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understoodthat the term “millimeter wave” or the like, if used herein, may broadlyrepresent frequencies within the EHF band, frequencies within FR2,and/or mid-band frequencies (e.g., less than 24.25 GHz). It iscontemplated that the frequencies included in FR1 and FR2 may bemodified, and techniques described herein are applicable to thosemodified frequency ranges.

As indicated above, FIG. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples maydiffer from what is described with regard to FIG. 1.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of a base station 110 incommunication with a UE 120 in a wireless network 100, in accordancewith the present disclosure. Base station 110 may be equipped with Tantennas 234 a through 234 t, and UE 120 may be equipped with R antennas252 a through 252 r, where in general T≥1 and R≥1.

At base station 110, a transmit processor 220 may receive data from adata source 212 for one or more UEs, select one or more modulation andcoding schemes (MCS) for each UE based at least in part on channelquality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE, process (e.g., encodeand modulate) the data for each UE based at least in part on the MCS(s)selected for the UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. Transmitprocessor 220 may also process system information (e.g., for semi-staticresource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g.,CQI requests, grants, and/or upper layer signaling) and provide overheadsymbols and control symbols. Transmit processor 220 may also generatereference symbols for reference signals (e.g., a cell-specific referencesignal (CRS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS)) andsynchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) ora secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). A transmit (TX)multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatialprocessing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols,the overhead symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, andmay provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) 232 a through232 t. Each modulator 232 may process a respective output symbol stream(e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator 232may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, andupconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. Tdownlink signals from modulators 232 a through 232 t may be transmittedvia T antennas 234 a through 234 t, respectively.

At UE 120, antennas 252 a through 252 r may receive the downlink signalsfrom base station 110 and/or other base stations and may providereceived signals to demodulators (DEMODs) 254 a through 254 r,respectively. Each demodulator 254 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify,downconvert, and digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples.Each demodulator 254 may further process the input samples (e.g., forOFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtainreceived symbols from all R demodulators 254 a through 254 r, performMIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and providedetected symbols. A receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulateand decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for UE 120 to adata sink 260, and provide decoded control information and systeminformation to a controller/processor 280. The term“controller/processor” may refer to one or more controllers, one or moreprocessors, or a combination thereof. A channel processor may determinea reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signalstrength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality(RSRQ) parameter, and/or a channel quality indicator (CQI) parameter,among other examples. In some aspects, one or more components of UE 120may be included in a housing 284.

Network controller 130 may include communication unit 294,controller/processor 290, and memory 292. Network controller 130 mayinclude, for example, one or more devices in a core network. Networkcontroller 130 may communicate with base station 110 via communicationunit 294.

Antennas (e.g., antennas 234 a through 234 t and/or antennas 252 athrough 252 r) may include, or may be included within, one or moreantenna panels, antenna groups, sets of antenna elements, and/or antennaarrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a setof antenna elements, and/or an antenna array may include one or moreantenna elements. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antennaelements, and/or an antenna array may include a set of coplanar antennaelements and/or a set of non-coplanar antenna elements. An antennapanel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, and/or an antennaarray may include antenna elements within a single housing and/orantenna elements within multiple housings. An antenna panel, an antennagroup, a set of antenna elements, and/or an antenna array may includeone or more antenna elements coupled to one or more transmission and/orreception components, such as one or more components of FIG. 2.

On the uplink, at UE 120, a transmit processor 264 may receive andprocess data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., forreports that include RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and/or CQI) fromcontroller/processor 280. Transmit processor 264 may also generatereference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols fromtransmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 ifapplicable, further processed by modulators 254 a through 254 r (e.g.,for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to base station 110. In someaspects, a modulator and a demodulator (e.g., MOD/DEMOD 254) of the UE120 may be included in a modem of the UE 120. In some aspects, the UE120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combinationof antenna(s) 252, modulators and/or demodulators 254, MIMO detector256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, and/or TX MIMOprocessor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g.,controller/processor 280) and memory 282 to perform aspects of any ofthe methods described herein, for example, as described with referenceto FIGS. 3A-3C.

At base station 110, the uplink signals from UE 120 and other UEs may bereceived by antennas 234, processed by demodulators 232, detected by aMIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receiveprocessor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE120. Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink239 and the decoded control information to controller/processor 240.Base station 110 may include communication unit 244 and communicate tonetwork controller 130 via communication unit 244. Base station 110 mayinclude a scheduler 246 to schedule UEs 120 for downlink and/or uplinkcommunications. In some aspects, a modulator and a demodulator (e.g.,MOD/DEMOD 232) of the base station 110 may be included in a modem of thebase station 110. In some aspects, the base station 110 includes atransceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna(s)234, modulators and/or demodulators 232, MIMO detector 236, receiveprocessor 238, transmit processor 220, and/or TX MIMO processor 230. Thetransceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller/processor 240)and memory 242 to perform aspects of any of the methods describedherein, for example, as described with reference to FIGS. 3A-3C.

Controller/processor 240 of base station 110, controller/processor 280of UE 120, and/or any other component(s) of FIG. 2 may perform one ormore techniques associated with multi-level channel coding for wirelesscommunications, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. Forexample, controller/processor 240 of base station 110,controller/processor 280 of UE 120, and/or any other component(s) ofFIG. 2 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 400 ofFIG. 4, process 500 of FIG. 5, and/or other processes as describedherein. Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for basestation 110 and UE 120, respectively. In some aspects, memory 242 and/ormemory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storingone or more instructions (e.g., code and/or program code) for wirelesscommunication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed(e.g., directly, or after compiling, converting, and/or interpreting) byone or more processors of the base station 110 and/or the UE 120, maycause the one or more processors, the UE 120, and/or the base station110 to perform or direct operations of, for example, process 400 of FIG.4, process 500 of FIG. 5, and/or other processes as described herein. Insome aspects, executing instructions may include running theinstructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions,and/or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.

In some aspects, a transmitter device may include means for segmenting aplurality of bits of a communication into a first set of bits and asecond set of bits, means for processing the first set of bits using afirst processing chain and the second set of bits using a secondprocessing chain, means for modulating the first set of bits and thesecond set of bits to generate a set of modulated symbols, means fortransmitting the set of modulated symbols, and/or the like. In someaspects, such means may include one or more components of UE 120described in connection with FIG. 2, such as controller/processor 280,transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, MOD 254, antenna 252,and/or the like. In some aspects, such means may include one or morecomponents of base station 110 described in connection with FIG. 2, suchas antenna 234, controller/processor 240, transmit processor 220, TXMIMO processor 230, MOD 232, and/or the like.

In some aspects, a receiver device may include means for receiving a setof modulated symbols of a communication, means for decoding leastsignificant bit (LSB) log likelihood ratios (LLRs) of the set ofmodulated symbols to obtain a first set of bits of the communication,means for performing a cyclic redundancy check on the first set of bitsof the communication based at least in part on decoding the LSB LLRs ofthe set of modulated symbols to obtain the first set of bits, means fordecoding most significant bit (MSB) LLRs of the set of modulated symbolsto obtain a second set of bits of the communication based at least inpart on a result of performing the cyclic redundancy check on the firstset of bits, means for interpreting the communication based at least inpart on decoding the MSB LLRs of the set of modulated symbols to obtainthe second set of bits of the communication, and/or the like. In someaspects, such means may include one or more components of UE 120described in connection with FIG. 2, such as controller/processor 280,antenna 252, DEMOD 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, and/orthe like. In some aspects, such means may include one or more componentsof base station 110 described in connection with FIG. 2, such as antenna234, DEMOD 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238,controller/processor 240, and/or the like.

While blocks in FIG. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, thefunctions described above with respect to the blocks may be implementedin a single hardware, software, or combination component or in variouscombinations of components. For example, the functions described withrespect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and/orthe TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control ofcontroller/processor 280.

As indicated above, FIG. 2 is provided as an example. Other examples maydiffer from what is described with regard to FIG. 2.

In some communications systems, receiver devices may use coherentdetection. For example, a receiver device of a BS may use coherentdetection to receive signaling from a transmitter device of a UE.Similarly, a receiver device of the UE may use coherent detection toreceive signaling from a transmitter device of the BS. In coherentdetection, a receiver device may perform channel equalization based atleast in part on a channel response. The receiver device may determinethe channel response based at least in part on a measurement of areference signal. For example, a receiver device may receive ademodulation reference signal (DMRS) from a transmitter device, mayestimate a channel based at least in part on the DMRS, and mayde-modulate a communication from the transmitter device based at leastin part on estimating the channel. However, transmitting the referencesignal may use available network resources as well as using processingresources, power resources, and/or the like to perform the transmission.

To reduce a utilization of network resources and thus improve spectralefficiency, some receiver devices may use non-coherent detection. Innon-coherent detection, the receiver device may receive a transmissionwithout having used a reference signal to estimate a channel, therebyreducing a utilization of network resources for communication. Moreover,by obviating a need for channel estimation and equalization, receivercomplexity may be reduced, thereby enabling low-complexity deployments,such as in eMTC communications, V2X communications, V2V communications,and/or the like. In non-coherent detection, other signal processingtechniques may be used to account for signal distortion at the receiverdevice (e.g., distortion relating to fading, interference, and/or thelike). For example, the transmitter device may perform differentialencoding and the receiver device may perform differential decoding tomitigate signal distortion from fading.

As an example, for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)systems with an available frequency bandwidth of N subcarriers, up to Nmodulation symbols may be transmitted in an OFDM symbol. The modulationsymbol in the OFDM symbol is denoted as s_(k), where k ranges from 0 toN-1. Transmitted symbols in the OFDM symbol may be represented as x_(k).As a result, a transmitter device may perform differential encoding suchthat x_(k)=x_(k-1)·s_(k), where x₀=s₀. On a receiver device side, thereceiver device may perform differential decoding such thatŝ_(k)=conj(y_(k-1))·y_(k).

The transmitter device may use phase-shift keying (PSK) to modulate OFDMsymbols for transmission to the receiver device. For example, thetransmitter device may use 4PSK, 8PSK, 16PSK, and/or the like. As aresult, transmitted symbols (e.g., symbols formed after differentialencoding, x_(k)) are at constellation points of a modulationconstellation. However, in PSK modulation, information is conveyed byphase, which may result in performance degradation with increasingmodulation orders. For example, at higher modulation orders (e.g., 8PSK,16PSK, 32PSK, and/or the like), bits of a modulation symbol may haveunequal protection. In this case, least significant bits (LSBs) of amodulation symbol may be less protected than most significant bits(MSBs) for higher modulation orders. As a result, when the receiverdevice determines log likelihood ratios (LLRs) for each bit, LLRs forLSBs are less reliable (e.g., more vulnerable to noise) than LLRs forMSBs.

Some aspects described herein provide multi-level encoding forhigher-order modulation schemes used in non-coherent transmission. Forexample, a transmitter device may use a composite constellation, whichis formed from a plurality of modulation constellations for lower-ordermodulation schemes, for a higher-order modulation scheme and mayseparately process a plurality of sets of bits to form symbols in thecomposite constellation. In this way, the transmitter device enablesimproved reliability for LSB LLR processing at a receiver device,thereby enabling use of a higher modulation order in non-coherentcommunications for improved utilization of network resources withoutexperiencing degraded performance from using the higher modulationorder.

FIGS. 3A-3C are diagrams illustrating a transmitter device 300 and areceiver device 300′ that perform multi-level channel coding forwireless communications, in accordance with the present disclosure. FIG.3A shows an example of functional components of transmitter device 300(e.g., which may correspond to BS 110, UE 120, and/or the like). FIG. 3Bshows examples of composite constellations used for higher-order PSKmodulation. FIG. 3C shows an example of functional components ofreceiver device 300′ (e.g., which may correspond to BS 110, UE 120,and/or the like).

As further shown in FIG. 3A, and by block 305, transmitter device 300may perform block cyclic redundancy check (CRC) encoding. For example,transmitter device 300 may obtain information bits, which may form atransport block or a code block, for transmission and may encode theinformation bits with parity bits for enabling a CRC to be performed byreceiver device 300′.

As further shown in FIG. 3A, and by block 310, transmitter device 300may perform bit partitioning. For example, transmitter device 300 maydivide information bits of a transport block or code block into aplurality of sets of bits. In this case, transmitter device 300 maydivide the information bits into a first set of bits for processingusing a first processing chain, a second set of bits for processingusing a second processing chain, and/or the like. In some aspects, theinformation bits may include parity bits. For example, based at least inpart on transmitter device 300 performing block CRC encoding,transmitter device 300 may include CRC bits with the information bits.

As further shown in FIG. 3A, and by blocks 315-325, transmitter device300 may perform CRC encoding, channel coding, and rate matching on thefirst set of bits and/or the second set of bits using a first transmitchain and/or a second transmit chain, respectively. For example,transmitter device 300 may attach parity bits to the second set of bitsto enable a CRC of LSBs to which the second set of bits are mapped, asdescribed in more detail herein. In some aspects, transmitter device 300may use the same CRC polynomial that is used to block CRC encodingdescribed above. Additionally, or alternatively, transmitter device 300may use a different CRC polynomial for adding parity bits to the secondset of bits that will be encoded as LSBs. Additionally, oralternatively, transmitter device 300 may use, for example, a shorterCRC for the LSBs relative to a CRC used for a transport block or codeblock, as described above. In another case, transmitter device 300 mayomit a CRC from the code block or transport block and may includeseparate CRCs for the LSB and MSB bits. In this case, as describedbelow, receiver device 300′ may determine that code block or transportblock decoding is successful based at least in part on a successful CRCfor the LSB bits and a successful CRC for the MSB bits. In another case,transmitter device 300 may include three CRCs for a code block ortransport block, for the LSB bits and for the MSB bits (e.g., each mayinclude a different length CRC), respectively. In this case, receiverdevice 300′ may determine that code block or transport block decoding issuccessful based at least in part on all three CRCs being successful.

In some aspects, transmitter device 300 may encode the first set of bitsand the second set of bits using different coding schemes. For example,transmitter device 300 may encode the first set of bits usinglow-density parity-check (LDPC) coding in the first transmit chain andmay encode the second set of bits using polar coding in the secondtransmit chain. In some aspects, transmitter device 300 may encode thefirst set of bits and the second set of bits, independently, using thesame coding scheme. For example, transmitter device 300 may encode thefirst set of bits using LDPC coding in the first transmit chain and thesecond set of bits using LDPC coding in the second transmit chain, suchthat the first set of bits and the second set of bits are encodedindependently. In this case, transmitter device 300 may use a firstcoding rate for the first set of bits and a second coding rate, that isdifferent from the first coding rate, for the second set of bits. Insome aspects, transmitter device 300 may select the coding rates basedat least in part on a bit value. For example, transmitter device 300 mayencode a set of bits that correspond to MSBs (e.g., the first set ofbits) with a higher coding rate than a set of bits that correspond toLSBs (e.g., the second set of bits.

In some aspects, transmitter device 300 may modulate encoded bits to acomposite constellation. For example, transmitter device 300 may map thefirst set of bits to MSBs of symbols in a composite constellation andthe second set of bits to LSBs of symbols in the compositeconstellation. In this case, the MSBs may represent a first 2 bits of an8PSK symbol, a first 2 or 3 bits of a 16PSK symbol, and/or the like andthe LSBs may represent a last 1 bit of the 8PSK symbol, a last 1 or 2bits of the 16PSK symbol, and/or the like. The composite constellationmay be a higher order constellation formed from a plurality of lowerorder constellations. For example, as shown in FIG. 3B, an 8PSKconstellation may be a higher order constellation formed from a first4PSK constellation and a second 4PSK constellation. Similarly, as shownin FIG. 3B, a 16PSK constellation may be a higher order constellationformed from a set of four 4PSK constellations. Although some aspects aredescribed in terms of a particular set of higher order constellationsand lower order constellations, other arrangements are possible, such asa 16PSK constellation formed from two 8PSK constellations, a 32PSKconstellation formed from four 8PSK constellations, and/or the like.

In some aspects, transmitter device 300 may rate match each set of bitsafter the channel coding. For example, transmitter device 300 may ensurethat a bit length matches a quantity of bits that can be transmitted inconnection with a selected modulation order and a quantity of availableresource elements. In this case, transmitter device 300 may rate matchbits from each transmit chain to fit a corresponding part (e.g., MSBs orLSBs) of a modulation symbol based at least in part on a modulationorder, a ratio of MSBs to LSBs, a quantity of modulation symbols, and/orthe like.

As further shown in FIG. 3A, and by blocks 330-345, transmitter device300 may process the two sets of bits to prepare for transmission. Forexample, based at least in part on rate matching, transmitter device 300may modulate the two sets of bits, perform differential encoding,perform resource element mapping, generate orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and/or the like. In this way, and as shownby block 350, transmitter device 300 may generate a transmission for ahigher order PSK-type of modulation.

As shown in FIG. 3C, and by blocks 350 and 355, based at least in parton receiving a transmission from transmitter device 300, receiver device300′ may demodulate received symbols. For example, receiver device 300′may demodulate OFDM symbols and determine log-likelihood-ratios (LLRs)from demodulated symbols, as shown by block 360. At block 360, receiverdevice 300′ may decode LSB LLRs to identify decoded bits of the secondset of bits. At block 365, receiver device 300′ may perform a checksumon CRC bits of the second set of bits to determine whether the LSB LLRsare successfully decoded.

In this case, at block 370 and 375, when the checksum is successful,receiver device 300′ may reencode decoded bits of the LSBs, adjust MSBLLR values based at least in part on the reencoded bits, and decodeadjusted LLRs to obtain information bits mapped to the MSBs (e.g., thefirst set of bits). For example, in 8PSK modulation, receiver device300′ may adjust a pair of LLRs from a set of MSBs based at least in parton a corresponding LSB value. In this case, when receiver device 300′ isto decode the MSB LLRs, receiver device 300′ decodes the MSB LLRs as4PSK modulated symbols, thereby improve decoding performance. In otherwords, when the composite constellation for 8PSK modulation is formedfrom a first 4PSK constellation and a second 4PSK constellation,receiver device 300′ identifies whether an MSB is formed from the first4PSK constellation or the second 4PSK constellation based at least inpart on an LSB LLR. In this case, receiver device 300′ decodes the MSBbased on the identified 4PSK constellation, thereby improve performancerelative to attempting to decode the MSB directly from an 8PSKconstellation. Additionally, or alternatively, based at least in part onthe checksum being unsuccessful, receiver device 300′ may decode the MSBLLRs without adjusting the MSB LLRs based at least in part on the LSBLLRs.

At block 380, based at least in part on decoding the MSBs, receiverdevice 300′ may perform any further processing to recover informationtransmitted by transmitter device 300. For example, receiver device 300′may determine whether code block or transport block decoding issuccessful based at least in part on whether one or more included CRCsis successful (e.g., a CRC of the LSBs, a CRC of the MSBs, a CRC of acode block or transport block, and/or the like, as described above).Additionally, or alternatively, receiver device 300′ may interpretrecovered bits of the received information to identify a message fromtransmitter device 300, such as control signaling, data transmission,and/or the like.

As indicated above, FIGS. 3A-3C are provided as an example. Otherexamples may differ from what is described with respect to FIGS. 3A-3C.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example process 400 performed, forexample, by a transmitter device, in accordance with the presentdisclosure. Example process 400 is an example where the transmitterdevice (e.g., BS 110, UE 120, transmitter device 300, and/or the like)performs operations associated with multi-level channel coding forwireless communications.

As shown in FIG. 4, in some aspects, process 400 may include segmentinga plurality of bits of a communication into a first set of bits and asecond set of bits (block 410). For example, the transmitter device(e.g., using controller/processor 240, transmit processor 220, TX MIMOprocessor 230, MOD 232, antenna 234, controller/processor 280, transmitprocessor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, MOD 254, antenna 252, and/or thelike) may segment a plurality of bits of a communication into a firstset of bits and a second set of bits, as described above.

As further shown in FIG. 4, in some aspects, process 400 may includeprocessing the first set of bits using a first processing chain and thesecond set of bits using a second processing chain, wherein the firstset of bits is mapped to MSBs of one or more symbols of a compositeconstellation and the second set of bits is mapped to LSBs of the one ormore symbols of the composite constellation, and wherein the compositeconstellation is formed from a plurality of lower order constellations(block 420). For example, the transmitter device (e.g., usingcontroller/processor 240, transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230,MOD 232, antenna 234, controller/processor 280, transmit processor 264,TX MIMO processor 266, MOD 254, antenna 252, and/or the like) mayprocess the first set of bits using a first processing chain and thesecond set of bits using a second processing chain, as described above.In some aspects, the first set of bits is mapped to MSBs of one or moresymbols of a composite constellation and the second set of bits ismapped to LSBs of the one or more symbols of the compositeconstellation. In some aspects, the composite constellation is formedfrom a plurality of lower order constellations.

As further shown in FIG. 4, in some aspects, process 400 may includemodulating the first set of bits and the second set of bits to generatea set of modulated symbols (block 430). For example, the transmitterdevice (e.g., using controller/processor 240, transmit processor 220, TXMIMO processor 230, MOD 232, antenna 234, controller/processor 280,transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, MOD 254, antenna 252,and/or the like) may modulate the first set of bits and the second setof bits to generate a set of modulated symbols, as described above.

As further shown in FIG. 4, in some aspects, process 400 may includetransmitting the set of modulated symbols (block 440). For example, thetransmitter device (e.g., using controller/processor 240, transmitprocessor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, MOD 232, antenna 234,controller/processor 280, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266,MOD 254, antenna 252, and/or the like) may transmit the set of modulatedsymbols, as described above.

Process 400 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect orany combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with oneor more other processes described elsewhere herein.

In a first aspect, the composite constellation is a higher order phaseshift keying (PSK) constellation formed by a plurality of lower orderPSK constellations.

In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect,process 400 includes encoding the first set of bits using a first codingscheme and the second set of bits using a second coding scheme.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstand second aspects, process 400 includes encoding the first set of bitsusing a first coding rate and the second set of bits using a secondcoding rate.

In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through third aspects, process 400 includes rate matching thecoded first set of bits and the coded second set of bits.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstthrough fourth aspects, process 400 includes adding parity bits to thesecond set of bits.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstthrough fifth aspects, the parity bits of the second set of bits isdifferent from parity bits, of the plurality of bits, associated with acode block or transport block of the communication.

In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through sixth aspects, transmitting the set of modulated symbolsincludes transmitting the set of modulated symbols based at least inpart on a result of the differential encoding, the resource elementmapping, and the OFDM symbol generation.

Although FIG. 4 shows example blocks of process 400, in some aspects,process 400 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, differentblocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 4.Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 400may be performed in parallel.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example process 500 performed, forexample, by a receiver device, in accordance with the presentdisclosure. Example process 500 is an example where the receiver device(e.g., BS 110, UE 120, receiver device 300′ and/or the like) performsoperations associated with multi-level channel coding for wirelesscommunications.

As shown in FIG. 5, in some aspects, process 500 may include receiving aset of modulated symbols of a communication (block 510). For example,the receiver device (e.g., using antenna 234, DEMOD 232, MIMO detector236, receive processor 238, controller/processor 240, antenna 252, DEMOD254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, controller/processor 280,and/or the like) may receive a set of modulated symbols of acommunication, as described above.

As further shown in FIG. 5, in some aspects, process 500 may includedecoding LSB LLRs of the set of modulated symbols to obtain a first setof bits of the communication (block 520). For example, the receiverdevice (e.g., using antenna 234, DEMOD 232, MIMO detector 236, receiveprocessor 238, controller/processor 240, antenna 252, DEMOD 254, MIMOdetector 256, receive processor 258, controller/processor 280, and/orthe like) may decode LSB LLRs of the set of modulated symbols to obtaina first set of bits of the communication, as described above.

As further shown in FIG. 5, in some aspects, process 500 may includeperforming a cyclic redundancy check on the first set of bits of thecommunication based at least in part on decoding the LSB LLRs of the setof modulated symbols to obtain the first set of bits (block 530). Forexample, the receiver device (e.g., using antenna 234, DEMOD 232, MIMOdetector 236, receive processor 238, controller/processor 240, antenna252, DEMOD 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258,controller/processor 280, and/or the like) may perform a cyclicredundancy check on the first set of bits of the communication based atleast in part on decoding the LSB LLRs of the set of modulated symbolsto obtain the first set of bits, as described above.

As further shown in FIG. 5, in some aspects, process 500 may includedecoding MSB LLRs of the set of modulated symbols to obtain a second setof bits of the communication based at least in part on a result ofperforming the cyclic redundancy check on the first set of bits (block540). For example, the receiver device (e.g., using antenna 234, DEMOD232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller/processor 240,antenna 252, DEMOD 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258,controller/processor 280, and/or the like) may decode MSB LLRs of theset of modulated symbols to obtain a second set of bits of thecommunication based at least in part on a result of performing thecyclic redundancy check on the first set of bits, as described above.

As further shown in FIG. 5, in some aspects, process 500 may includeinterpreting the communication based at least in part on decoding theMSB LLRs of the set of modulated symbols to obtain the second set ofbits of the communication (block 550). For example, the receiver device(e.g., using antenna 234, DEMOD 232, MIMO detector 236, receiveprocessor 238, controller/processor 240, antenna 252, DEMOD 254, MIMOdetector 256, receive processor 258, controller/processor 280, and/orthe like) may interpret the communication based at least in part ondecoding the MSB LLRs of the set of modulated symbols to obtain thesecond set of bits of the communication, as described above.

Process 500 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect orany combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with oneor more other processes described elsewhere herein.

In a first aspect, decoding the LSB LLRs comprises: decoding the LSBLLRs based at least in part on computing the LLRs.

In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect,performing the cyclic redundancy check includes determining that thecyclic redundancy check is successful.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstand second aspects, decoding the MSB LLRs includes adjusting the MSBLLRs based at least in part on the reencoded first set of bits, anddecoding the adjusted MSB LLRs to obtain the second set of bits.

In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through third aspects, performing the cyclic redundancy checkincludes determining that the cyclic redundancy check is unsuccessful,and decoding the MSB LLRs comprises decoding the MSB LLRs withoutadjusting the MSB LLRs based at least in part on determining that thecyclic redundancy check is unsuccessful.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstthrough fourth aspects, process 500 includes determining that code blockor transport block decoding is successful independent of the cyclicredundancy check on the first set of bits.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstthrough fifth aspects, process 500 includes determining that code blockor transport block decoding is successful based at least in part on aresult of the cyclic redundancy check on the first set of bits and aresult of another cyclic redundancy check on the second set of bits,wherein a code block or transport is blocking of the communication doesnot have parity bits independent from parity bits of the first set ofbits or the second set of bits.

Although FIG. 5 shows example blocks of process 500, in some aspects,process 500 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, differentblocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 5.Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 500may be performed in parallel.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example apparatus 600 for wirelesscommunication. The apparatus 600 may be a transmitter device, or atransmitter device may include the apparatus 600. In some aspects, theapparatus 600 includes a reception component 602 and a transmissioncomponent 604, which may be in communication with one another (forexample, via one or more buses and/or one or more other components). Asshown, the apparatus 600 may communicate with another apparatus 606(such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device)using the reception component 602 and the transmission component 604. Asfurther shown, the apparatus 600 may include one or more of a bitsegmentation component 608, a bit processing component 610, a bitmodulation component 612, or a bit encoding component 614, among otherexamples.

In some aspects, the apparatus 600 may be configured to perform one ormore operations described herein in connection with FIGS. 3A-3C.Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 600 may be configured toperform one or more processes described herein, such as process 400 ofFIG. 4 or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 600and/or one or more components shown in FIG. 6 may include one or morecomponents of the transmitter device described above in connection withFIG. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown inFIG. 6 may be implemented within one or more components described abovein connection with FIG. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or morecomponents of the set of components may be implemented at least in partas software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portionof a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in anon-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controlleror a processor to perform the functions or operations of the component.

The reception component 602 may receive communications, such asreference signals, control information, data communications, or acombination thereof, from the apparatus 606. The reception component 602may provide received communications to one or more other components ofthe apparatus 600. In some aspects, the reception component 602 mayperform signal processing on the received communications (such asfiltering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion,demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interferencecancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide theprocessed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus606. In some aspects, the reception component 602 may include one ormore antennas, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, acontroller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of thetransmitter device described above in connection with FIG. 2.

The transmission component 604 may transmit communications, such asreference signals, control information, data communications, or acombination thereof, to the apparatus 606. In some aspects, one or moreother components of the apparatus 606 may generate communications andmay provide the generated communications to the transmission component604 for transmission to the apparatus 606. In some aspects, thetransmission component 604 may perform signal processing on thegenerated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation,digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, orencoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signalsto the apparatus 606. In some aspects, the transmission component 604may include one or more antennas, a modulator, a transmit MIMOprocessor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or acombination thereof, of the transmitter device described above inconnection with FIG. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 604may be co-located with the reception component 602 in a transceiver.

The bit segmentation component 608 may segment a plurality of bits of acommunication into a first set of bits and a second set of bits. The bitprocessing component 610 may process the first set of bits using a firstprocessing chain and the second set of bits using a second processingchain, wherein the first set of bits is mapped to most significant bits(MSBs) of one or more symbols of a composite constellation and thesecond set of bits is mapped to least significant bits (LSBs) of the oneor more symbols of the composite constellation, and wherein thecomposite constellation is formed from a plurality of lower orderconstellations. The bit modulation component 612 may modulate the firstset of bits and the second set of bits to generate a set of modulatedsymbols. The transmission component 604 may transmit the set ofmodulated symbols.

The bit encoding component 614 may perform differential encoding on theset of modulated symbols, resource element mapping on the set ofmodulated symbols, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)symbol generation on the set of modulated symbols.

The number and arrangement of components shown in FIG. 6 are provided asan example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewercomponents, different components, or differently arranged componentsthan those shown in FIG. 6. Furthermore, two or more components shown inFIG. 6 may be implemented within a single component, or a singlecomponent shown in FIG. 6 may be implemented as multiple, distributedcomponents. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more)components shown in FIG. 6 may perform one or more functions describedas being performed by another set of components shown in FIG. 6.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an example apparatus 700 for wirelesscommunication. The apparatus 700 may be a receiver device, or a receiverdevice may include the apparatus 700. In some aspects, the apparatus 700includes a reception component 702 and a transmission component 704,which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one ormore buses and/or one or more other components). As shown, the apparatus700 may communicate with another apparatus 706 (such as a UE, a basestation, or another wireless communication device) using the receptioncomponent 702 and the transmission component 704. As further shown, theapparatus 700 may include one or more of a decoding component 708, achecking component 710, an interpretation component 712, a demodulationcomponent 714, a determination component 716, or a re-encoding component718, among other examples.

In some aspects, the apparatus 700 may be configured to perform one ormore operations described herein in connection with FIGS. 3A-3C.Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 700 may be configured toperform one or more processes described herein, such as process 500 ofFIG. 5. In some aspects, the apparatus 700 and/or one or more componentsshown in FIG. 7 may include one or more components of the receiverdevice described above in connection with FIG. 2. Additionally, oralternatively, one or more components shown in FIG. 7 may be implementedwithin one or more components described above in connection with FIG. 2.Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set ofcomponents may be implemented at least in part as software stored in amemory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may beimplemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium and executable by a controller or a processorto perform the functions or operations of the component.

The reception component 702 may receive communications, such asreference signals, control information, data communications, or acombination thereof, from the apparatus 706. The reception component 702may provide received communications to one or more other components ofthe apparatus 700. In some aspects, the reception component 702 mayperform signal processing on the received communications (such asfiltering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion,demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interferencecancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide theprocessed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus706. In some aspects, the reception component 702 may include one ormore antennas, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, acontroller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of thereceiver device described above in connection with FIG. 2.

The transmission component 704 may transmit communications, such asreference signals, control information, data communications, or acombination thereof, to the apparatus 706. In some aspects, one or moreother components of the apparatus 706 may generate communications andmay provide the generated communications to the transmission component704 for transmission to the apparatus 706. In some aspects, thetransmission component 704 may perform signal processing on thegenerated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation,digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, orencoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signalsto the apparatus 706. In some aspects, the transmission component 704may include one or more antennas, a modulator, a transmit MIMOprocessor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or acombination thereof, of the receiver device described above inconnection with FIG. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 704may be co-located with the reception component 702 in a transceiver.

The reception component 702 may receive a set of modulated symbols of acommunication. The decoding component 708 may decode LSB log likelihoodratios (LLRs) of the set of modulated symbols to obtain a first set ofbits of the communication. The checking component 710 may perform acyclic redundancy check on the first set of bits of the communicationbased at least in part on decoding the LSB LLRs of the set of modulatedsymbols to obtain the first set of bits. The decoding component 708 maydecode MSB LLRs of the set of modulated symbols to obtain a second setof bits of the communication based at least in part on a result ofperforming the cyclic redundancy check on the first set of bits. Theinterpretation component 712 may interpret the communication based atleast in part on decoding the MSB LLRs of the set of modulated symbolsto obtain the second set of bits of the communication.

The decoding component 708 may perform differential decoding on the setof modulated symbols of the communication.

The demodulation component 714 may demodulate the set of modulatedsymbols to compute LLRs from the set of modulated symbols based at leastin part on performing differential decoding.

The determination component 716 may determine that code block ortransport block decoding is successful independent of the cyclicredundancy check on the first set of bits.

The determination component 716 may determine that code block ortransport block decoding is successful based at least in part on aresult of the cyclic redundancy check on the first set of bits and aresult of another cyclic redundancy check on the second set of bitswherein a code block or transport block of the communication does nothave parity bits independent from parity bits of the first set of bitsor the second set of bits.

The re-encoding component 718 may re-encode decoded bits of the firstset of bits based at least in part on determining that a cyclicredundancy check is successful.

The number and arrangement of components shown in FIG. 7 are provided asan example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewercomponents, different components, or differently arranged componentsthan those shown in FIG. 7. Furthermore, two or more components shown inFIG. 7 may be implemented within a single component, or a singlecomponent shown in FIG. 7 may be implemented as multiple, distributedcomponents. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more)components shown in FIG. 7 may perform one or more functions describedas being performed by another set of components shown in FIG. 7.

The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the presentdisclosure:

Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a transmitterdevice, comprising: segmenting a plurality of bits of a communicationinto a first set of bits and a second set of bits; processing the firstset of bits using a first processing chain and the second set of bitsusing a second processing chain, wherein the first set of bits is mappedto most significant bits (MSBs) of one or more symbols of a compositeconstellation and the second set of bits is mapped to least significantbits (LSBs) of the one or more symbols of the composite constellation,and wherein the composite constellation is formed from a plurality oflower order constellations; modulating the first set of bits and thesecond set of bits to generate a set of modulated symbols; andtransmitting the set of modulated symbols.

Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the composite constellation isa higher order phase shift keying (PSK) constellation formed by aplurality of lower order PSK constellations.

Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein processing thefirst set of bits using the first processing chain and the second set ofbits using the second processing chain includes encoding the first setof bits using a first coding scheme and the second set of bits using asecond coding scheme.

Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein processing thefirst set of bits using the first processing chain and the second set ofbits using the second processing chain includes encoding the first setof bits using a first coding rate and the second set of bits using asecond coding rate.

Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein processing thefirst set of bits using the first processing chain and the second set ofbits using the second processing chain includes rate matching the firstset of bits and the second set of bits.

Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein processing thefirst set of bits using the first processing chain and the second set ofbits using the second processing chain includes adding parity bits tothe second set of bits.

Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the parity bitsof the second set of bits is different from parity bits, of theplurality of bits, associated with a code block or transport block ofthe communication.

Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1 to 7, further comprisingperforming differential encoding on the set of modulated symbols,resource element mapping on the set of modulated symbols, and orthogonalfrequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol generation on the set ofmodulated symbols, and wherein transmitting the set of modulated symbolsincludes transmitting the set of modulated symbols based at least inpart on a result of the differential encoding, the resource elementmapping, and the OFDM symbol generation.

Aspect 9: A method of wireless communication performed by a receiverdevice, comprising: receiving a set of modulated symbols of acommunication; decoding least significant bit (LSB) log likelihoodratios (LLRs) of the set of modulated symbols to obtain a first set ofbits of the communication; performing a cyclic redundancy check on thefirst set of bits of the communication based at least in part ondecoding the LSB LLRs of the set of modulated symbols to obtain thefirst set of bits; decoding most significant bit (MSB) LLRs of the setof modulated symbols to obtain a second set of bits of the communicationbased at least in part on a result of performing the cyclic redundancycheck on the first set of bits; and interpreting the communication basedat least in part on decoding the MSB LLRs of the set of modulatedsymbols to obtain the second set of bits of the communication.

Aspect 10: The method of Aspect 9, further comprising performingdifferential decoding on the set of modulated symbols of thecommunication; demodulating the set of modulated symbols to compute LLRsfrom the set of modulated symbols based at least in part on performingdifferential decoding; and wherein decoding the LSB LLRs comprisesdecoding the LSB LLRs based at least in part on computing the LLRs.

Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 9 to 10, wherein performing thecyclic redundancy check includes determining that the cyclic redundancycheck is successful.

Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 9 to 11, further comprisingreencoding decoded bits of the first set of bits based at least in parton determining that the cyclic redundancy check is successful; andwherein decoding the MSB LLRs includes adjusting the MSB LLRs based atleast in part on the reencoded first set of bits; and decoding theadjusted MSB LLRs to obtain the second set of bits.

Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 9 to 12, wherein performing thecyclic redundancy check includes determining that the cyclic redundancycheck is unsuccessful; and wherein decoding the MSB LLRs includesdecoding the MSB LLRs without adjusting the MSB LLRs based at least inpart on determining that the cyclic redundancy check is unsuccessful.

Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 9 to 13, further comprisingdetermining that code block or transport block decoding is successfulindependent of the cyclic redundancy check on the first set of bits.

Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 9 to 14, further comprisingdetermining that code block or transport block decoding is successfulbased at least in part on a result of the cyclic redundancy check on thefirst set of bits and a result of another cyclic redundancy check on thesecond set of bits, wherein a code block or transport block of thecommunication does not have parity bits independent from parity bits ofthe first set of bits or the second set of bits.

Aspect 16: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device,comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; andinstructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor tocause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more Aspects ofAspects 1-8.

Aspect 17: A device for wireless communication, comprising a memory andone or more processors coupled to the memory, the memory and the one ormore processors configured to perform the method of one or more Aspectsof Aspects 1-8.

Aspect 18: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at leastone means for performing the method of one or more Aspects of Aspects1-8.

Aspect 19: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code forwireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by aprocessor to perform the method of one or more Aspects of Aspects 1-8.

Aspect 20: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set ofinstructions for wireless communication, the set of instructionscomprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or moreprocessors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one ormore Aspects of Aspects 1-8.

Aspect 21: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device,comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; andinstructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor tocause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more Aspects ofAspects 9-15.

Aspect 22: A device for wireless communication, comprising a memory andone or more processors coupled to the memory, the memory and the one ormore processors configured to perform the method of one or more Aspectsof Aspects 9-15.

Aspect 23: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at leastone means for performing the method of one or more Aspects of Aspects9-15.

Aspect 24: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code forwireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by aprocessor to perform the method of one or more Aspects of Aspects 9-15.

Aspect 25: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set ofinstructions for wireless communication, the set of instructionscomprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or moreprocessors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one ormore Aspects of Aspects 9-15.

The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, but isnot intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the preciseforms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light ofthe above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.

As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construedas hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. “Software”shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code,code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules,applications, software applications, software packages, routines,subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures,and/or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software,firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, orotherwise. As used herein, a processor is implemented in hardware and/ora combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systemsand/or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms ofhardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. The actualspecialized control hardware or software code used to implement thesesystems and/or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, theoperation and behavior of the systems and/or methods were describedherein without reference to specific software code—it being understoodthat software and hardware can be designed to implement the systemsand/or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein.

As used herein, satisfying a threshold may, depending on the context,refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equalto the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to thethreshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, or thelike.

Even though particular combinations of features are recited in theclaims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are notintended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. In fact, many ofthese features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in theclaims and/or disclosed in the specification. Although each dependentclaim listed below may directly depend on only one claim, the disclosureof various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination withevery other claim in the claim set. As used herein, a phrase referringto “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of thoseitems, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b,or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well asany combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a,a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or anyother ordering of a, b, and c).

No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed ascritical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as usedherein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or moreitems and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Further, asused herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more itemsreferenced in connection with the article “the” and may be usedinterchangeably with “the one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, theterms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items (e.g.,related items, unrelated items, or a combination of related andunrelated items), and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.”Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similarlanguage is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,”“having,” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms. Further, thephrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on”unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or”is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be usedinterchangeably with “and/or,” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g.,if used in combination with “either” or “only one of”).

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of wireless communication performed by atransmitter device, comprising: segmenting a plurality of bits of acommunication into a first set of bits and a second set of bits;processing the first set of bits using a first processing chain and thesecond set of bits using a second processing chain, wherein the firstset of bits is mapped to most significant bits (MSBs) of one or moresymbols of a composite constellation and the second set of bits ismapped to least significant bits (LSBs) of the one or more symbols ofthe composite constellation, and wherein the composite constellation isformed from a plurality of lower order constellations; modulating thefirst set of bits and the second set of bits to generate a set ofmodulated symbols; and transmitting the set of modulated symbols.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the composite constellation is a higher orderphase shift keying (PSK) constellation formed by a plurality of lowerorder PSK constellations.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein processingthe first set of bits using the first processing chain and the secondset of bits using the second processing chain comprises: encoding thefirst set of bits using a first coding scheme and the second set of bitsusing a second coding scheme.
 4. The method of claim 1, whereinprocessing the first set of bits using the first processing chain andthe second set of bits using the second processing chain comprises:encoding the first set of bits using a first coding rate and the secondset of bits using a second coding rate.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein processing the first set of bits using the first processingchain and the second set of bits using the second processing chaincomprises: rate matching the first set of bits and the second set ofbits.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein processing the first set of bitsusing the first processing chain and the second set of bits using thesecond processing chain comprises: adding parity bits to the second setof bits.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the parity bits of the secondset of bits are different from parity bits, of the plurality of bits,associated with a code block or transport block of the communication. 8.The method of claim 1, further comprising: performing differentialencoding on the set of modulated symbols, resource element mapping onthe set of modulated symbols, and orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) symbol generation on the set of modulated symbols;and wherein transmitting the set of modulated symbols comprises:transmitting the set of modulated symbols based at least in part on aresult of the differential encoding, the resource element mapping, andthe OFDM symbol generation.
 9. A transmitter device for wirelesscommunication, comprising: a memory; and one or more processors, coupledto the memory, configured to: segment a plurality of bits of acommunication into a first set of bits and a second set of bits; processthe first set of bits using a first processing chain and the second setof bits using a second processing chain, wherein the first set of bitsis mapped to most significant bits (MSBs) of one or more symbols of acomposite constellation and the second set of bits is mapped to leastsignificant bits (LSBs) of the one or more symbols of the compositeconstellation, and wherein the composite constellation is formed from aplurality of lower order constellations; modulate the first set of bitsand the second set of bits to generate a set of modulated symbols; andtransmit the set of modulated symbols.
 10. The transmitter device ofclaim 9, wherein the composite constellation is a higher order phaseshift keying (PSK) constellation formed by a plurality of lower orderPSK constellations.
 11. The transmitter device of claim 9, wherein theone or more processors, to process the first set of bits using the firstprocessing chain and the second set of bits using the second processingchain, are configured to: encode the first set of bits using a firstcoding scheme and the second set of bits using a second coding scheme.12. The transmitter device of claim 9, wherein the one or moreprocessors, to process the first set of bits using the first processingchain and the second set of bits using the second processing chain, areconfigured to: encode the first set of bits using a first coding rateand the second set of bits using a second coding rate.
 13. Thetransmitter device of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors, toprocess the first set of bits using the first processing chain and thesecond set of bits using the second processing chain, are configured to:rate match the first set of bits and the second set of bits.
 14. Thetransmitter device of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors, toprocess the first set of bits using the first processing chain and thesecond set of bits using the second processing chain, are configured to:add parity bits to the second set of bits.
 15. The transmitter device ofclaim 14, wherein the parity bits of the second set of bits is differentfrom parity bits, of the plurality of bits, associated with a code blockor transport block of the communication.
 16. The transmitter device ofclaim 9, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:perform differential encoding on the set of modulated symbols, resourceelement mapping on the set of modulated symbols, and orthogonalfrequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol generation on the set ofmodulated symbols; and wherein the one or more processors, to transmitthe set of modulated symbols, are configured to: transmit the set ofmodulated symbols based at least in part on a result of the differentialencoding, the resource element mapping, and the OFDM symbol generation.17. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set ofinstructions for wireless communication, the set of instructionscomprising: one or more instructions that, when executed by one or moreprocessors of a transmitter device, cause the transmitter device to:segment a plurality of bits of a communication into a first set of bitsand a second set of bits; process the first set of bits using a firstprocessing chain and the second set of bits using a second processingchain, wherein the first set of bits is mapped to most significant bits(MSBs) of one or more symbols of a composite constellation and thesecond set of bits is mapped to least significant bits (LSBs) of the oneor more symbols of the composite constellation, and wherein thecomposite constellation is formed from a plurality of lower orderconstellations; modulate the first set of bits and the second set ofbits to generate a set of modulated symbols; and transmit the set ofmodulated symbols.
 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 17, wherein the composite constellation is a higher order phaseshift keying (PSK) constellation formed by a plurality of lower orderPSK constellations.
 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 17, wherein the one or more instructions, that cause thetransmitter device to process the first set of bits using the firstprocessing chain and the second set of bits using the second processingchain, cause the transmitter device to: encode the first set of bitsusing a first coding scheme and the second set of bits using a secondcoding scheme.
 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim17, wherein the one or more instructions, that cause the transmitterdevice to process the first set of bits using the first processing chainand the second set of bits using the second processing chain, cause thetransmitter device to: encode the first set of bits using a first codingrate and the second set of bits using a second coding rate.
 21. Thenon-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the one ormore instructions, that cause the transmitter device to process thefirst set of bits using the first processing chain and the second set ofbits using the second processing chain, cause the transmitter device to:rate matching the first set of bits and the second set of bits.
 22. Thenon-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the one ormore instructions, that cause the transmitter device to process thefirst set of bits using the first processing chain and the second set ofbits using the second processing chain, cause the transmitter device to:add parity bits to the second set of bits.
 23. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 22, wherein the parity bits of thesecond set of bits are different from parity bits, of the plurality ofbits, associated with a code block or transport block of thecommunication.
 24. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim17, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the transmitterdevice to: perform differential encoding on the set of modulatedsymbols, resource element mapping on the set of modulated symbols, andorthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol generation onthe set of modulated symbols; and wherein the one or more instructions,that cause the transmitter device to transmit the set of modulatedsymbols, cause the transmitter device to: transmit the set of modulatedsymbols based at least in part on a result of the differential encoding,the resource element mapping, and the OFDM symbol generation.
 25. Anapparatus for wireless communication, comprising: means for segmenting aplurality of bits of a communication into a first set of bits and asecond set of bits; means for processing the first set of bits using afirst processing chain and the second set of bits using a secondprocessing chain, wherein the first set of bits is mapped to mostsignificant bits (MSBs) of one or more symbols of a compositeconstellation and the second set of bits is mapped to least significantbits (LSBs) of the one or more symbols of the composite constellation,and wherein the composite constellation is formed from a plurality oflower order constellations; means for modulating the first set of bitsand the second set of bits to generate a set of modulated symbols; andmeans for transmitting the set of modulated symbols.
 26. The apparatusof claim 25, wherein the composite constellation is a higher order phaseshift keying (PSK) constellation formed by a plurality of lower orderPSK constellations.
 27. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the means forprocessing the first set of bits using the first processing chain andthe second set of bits using the second processing chain comprises:means for encoding the first set of bits using a first coding scheme andthe second set of bits using a second coding scheme.
 28. The apparatusof claim 25, wherein the means for processing the first set of bitsusing the first processing chain and the second set of bits using thesecond processing chain comprises: means for encoding the first set ofbits using a first coding rate and the second set of bits using a secondcoding rate.
 29. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising: meansfor performing differential encoding on the set of modulated symbols,resource element mapping on the set of modulated symbols, and orthogonalfrequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol generation on the set ofmodulated symbols; and wherein the means for transmitting the set ofmodulated symbols comprises: means for transmitting the set of modulatedsymbols based at least in part on a result of the differential encoding,the resource element mapping, and the OFDM symbol generation.